What distinguishes a series circuit from a parallel circuit?

A series circuit is characterized by its configuration where components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current to flow. This means that the same current flows through all components in the series, and the total voltage across the circuit divides among the components. Each component in the series experiences a portion of the total voltage, but importantly, they all share the same current.

Understanding this configuration helps in recognizing how components behave in series: if one component fails, the entire circuit becomes inoperative. This concept contrasts with a parallel circuit, where components are connected across the same voltage source and thus can operate independently; if one component fails, the others can still function.

In summary, the defining feature of a series circuit is that its components are connected end-to-end, creating a singular pathway for current, while maintaining a uniform current throughout.