What does the term 'short circuit' mean in electrical circuits?

The term 'short circuit' refers to an unintended path of low resistance that allows excessive current to flow. In a well-functioning electrical circuit, the current flows through components designed to handle the specified amount of current. However, when a short circuit occurs, an alternative path is established that bypasses these components. This path typically presents little to no resistance, which causes a significant increase in current that can lead to overheating, damage to the electrical components, or even fire hazards.

Understanding this concept is crucial for anyone working with electrical systems, as recognizing the conditions that lead to short circuits can help prevent dangerous situations. For example, if insulation on wires wears away, it may allow metal parts to touch, creating that low-resistance path. In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of electrical circuits that do not accurately capture the definition of a short circuit.