What is the definition of resistance in an electrical circuit?

Resistance in an electrical circuit is defined as the opposition to current flow. This means that when voltage is applied across a circuit, the resistance is what determines how much current will flow. The higher the resistance, the lower the current for a given voltage, according to Ohm's Law (V = IR), where V represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance.

Resistance is a fundamental concept in electrical circuits that affects not only how components interact but also the overall efficiency and performance of the circuit. Materials that exhibit high resistance will restrict the flow of electric charge, while materials with low resistance will allow current to pass through more easily. Understanding resistance helps in the design and troubleshooting of electrical systems and is crucial for ensuring safety and functionality in HVAC systems.

The other options describe different electrical concepts: the flow of electric charge refers to current, energy consumed relates to power, and a type of conductor refers more to the physical materials that facilitate electric flow rather than a specific electrical property.