What is the purpose of a capacitor in an HVAC system?

A capacitor in an HVAC system primarily functions to store electrical energy and provide the necessary boost to start motors, especially in applications such as compressors and blower motors. When the electrical supply to the motor starts, the capacitor discharges its stored energy, which helps to create a higher voltage surge. This surge is crucial for overcoming the initial inertia of the motor and allowing it to start effectively.

Once the motor is running, the capacitor continues to provide reactive power, which helps in maintaining the motor's efficiency and operational stability. This action minimizes the current draw during startup and can lead to reduced wear and tear on motor components, thereby contributing to the overall durability and efficiency of the HVAC system.

Other choices refer to functions not related to the core purpose of a capacitor. For example, reducing electrical voltage, measuring current flow, and increasing resistance are not functions of capacitors. Instead, these roles might be fulfilled by voltage regulators, ammeters, or resistors, respectively. Understanding the specific role of capacitors helps HVAC technicians effectively troubleshoot and maintain these systems.