What property of an AC circuit is affected by both frequency and inductance?

The correct answer is impedance. Impedance is a critical concept in AC circuits and correctly represents how a circuit resists the flow of alternating current. It encompasses not just resistance, but also the effects of inductance and capacitance in the circuit.

In AC circuits, impedance is influenced by both the frequency of the AC signal and the inductance present in the circuit. Inductance contributes to the overall impedance through a property known as inductive reactance, which increases with frequency. The formula for inductive reactance is (X_L = 2\pi f L), where (f) is the frequency and (L) is the inductance. As frequency increases, the inductive reactance increases, which in turn raises the total impedance of the circuit.

This property contrasts with resistance, which remains constant irrespective of frequency, and capacitance, which is not directly proportional to the characteristics used to determine impedance in a circuit context. Voltage, while influenced by impedance, does not describe how frequency and inductance interact in the same way impedance does.

Understanding this relationship is vital for effective circuit design and analysis in HVAC applications, where AC circuits are commonplace.